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How to avoid getting ill

Colds are very common, especially in winter. However, you can try to equip your body to fight viruses and if caught, minimise their duration and symptoms.

Good mental and physical health are key if you want to reduce the risk of catching a cold, and how long it lasts. Here are a few of the best choices you can make:

Minimise stress

Although this can often be difficult in the environment we live in, reducing the stresses we expose ourselves to can reduce our susceptibility to catching a cold.

If you are living in a stressful environment, try taking time out to do the things that you enjoy, or regularly listen to mindfulness apps such as Headspace, as this can help to minimise the stress in the body.

Make sleep a priority

When you sleep, your body gets a chance to repair and rebuild your defences. But if you don't get enough, the chance of poor health can increase, including your susceptibility to catching a cold.

If you struggle to get to sleep, try allowing yourself some time to unwind before bed. For example, reading a book or doing something else you find calming that does not involve a screen.

Make up for the lack of sun

It is becoming more and more apparent that vitamin D is a key ingredient for keeping many bodily functions healthy, including your immune system. So, getting enough of it throughout the year is crucial for keeping colds at bay.

The best way to get vitamin D is from the sun. However, during the months of October through to April, the body is unable to do this due to the angle of sun. This means that a large proportion of the UK becomes vitamin D-deficient through the winter and this corresponds with when most of us get colds.

During the colder months of the year, we can make up to some extent for the lack of sun-induced vitamin D by eating certain oily fish, including salmon, mackerel, tuna and products which are fortified with it, such as some cereals. But you should be taking a supplement too.

The recommendation for the UK is that adults and children should take 10 micrograms of vitamin D3 per day throughout the year, but especially dfrom the start of October to the end of April¹.

Eat your five a day

Vitamin C is also important for supporting immune function and can be found in many fruits and vegetables. A healthy, balanced diet which includes five portions of fruit and vegetables a day will provide enough of this vitamin for the average person.

For the general population, there is little evidence to show that consuming an additional vitamin C supplement will make any significant difference to the risk of catching a cold.

However, if you are an athlete training for some sort of physical event, your body is being put through an above-average level of physical stress. In this case, taking vitamin C supplements may reduce the risk of catching a cold as such stress can compromise immunity.

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Tórax y pulmones

Is your cough really a chest infection?

With the average adult suffering an estimated 2-5 colds per year, and children around 10, most of us are no stranger to runny noses, coughs and sneezes. A bit of rest, plenty of fluids, taking paracetamol and perhaps a little honey and lemon are usually all it takes to see off a cold - without a visit to the GP. But if a cough lingers for longer than usual, or we feel particularly unwell, we may start to wonder if we've developed a chest infection. Unlike colds, chest infections may need additional treatment, including antibiotics in the case of bacterial infections such as pneumonia. So, what symptoms should we look out for?

por Gillian Harvey

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Toser es una reacción automática para intentar despejar las vías respiratorias. El reflejo de la tos protege las vías respiratorias y los pulmones. Es importante buscar atención médica si la tos dura más de tres semanas. Si la tos va acompañada de síntomas como dificultad para respirar, expectoración con sangre o pérdida de peso, es importante acudir al médico.

por la Dra. Philippa Vincent, MRCGP

What to eat with a cold

There is no cure for the common cold. This is because it is caused by a virus and so it won't respond to medications such as antibiotics. As such, you are left with one option - to treat the symptoms.

Chicken soup

Chicken soup - the go-to meal if you have a cold - does actually have some scientific backing². When the body is fighting a cold, it goes into an inflamed state. Research has shown that chicken soup reduces inflammation and therefore helps to protect against some of the annoying symptoms of a cold. Note though, that it is worth making your own or buying a better quality soup in order to ensure that you get the most benefits possible.

Bebidas calientes

One of the worst things about having a cold is the inability to breathe through your nose. It makes everyday activities feel much more strenuous. However, hot drinks can help.

One study found that consuming a hot drink significantly and instantly improved the airflow of those suffering from a cold³. There was also a marked improvement in other symptoms like a runny nose and a cough.

However, before you go running to buy the expensive sachet drinks with painkillers in them, you can get the same benefits by consuming tablet form painkillers alongside any hot drink, herbal or otherwise. This may be a reason why chicken soup aids cold symptoms too.

Vitamin C

For the general population, vitamin C is not thought to reduce the risk of developing a cold in the first place. But there is some evidence that vitamin C may improve symptoms and shorten the length of a cold.

The best way to do this would be through eating foods rich in vitamin C such as broccoli, strawberries and kale. Even more reason to ensure you are getting your five a day.

'Starve a fever, feed a cold'

There is mixed evidence on whether this common statement is true. It is believed that both methods - starving and feeding - create a different immune response in the body.

Some studies conclude that the response to starving increases immune cells that are best at tackling bacterial infections that cause symptoms such as a fever, often found with flu⁴. On the other hand, feeding seems to increase the cells which fight off viral infections, like a cold.

Arm yourself against illness

Ward off the common cold by:

1. Eating a balanced diet each day.

2. Getting enough sleep.

3. Allowing yourself downtime to relax.

4. Exercising five times a week for at least 30 minutes.

5. Taking vitamin D3 daily.

Para saber más

1. GOV.UK: SACN vitamin D and health report.

2. Rennard et al: Chicken soup inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro.

3. Sanu and Eccles: The effects of a hot drink on nasal airflow and symptoms of common cold and flu.

4. Van den Brink et al: Feed a cold, starve a fever?