structural maintenance of chromosomes flexible hinge domain containing 1
Última actualización 26 Sept 2025
Cumple con las directrices editoriales
- DescargarDescargar
- Compartir
- Language
- Discusión
- Versión en audio
- Agregar a fuentes preferidas en Google
El SMCHD1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that is involved in regulating gene activity by altering the structure of DNA. Specifically, the SMCHD1 protein is associated with DNA methylation, which is the addition of methyl groups (consisting of one carbon atom and three hydrogen atoms) to DNA molecules. The addition of methyl groups is associated with the turning off (silencing) of genes, so regions of DNA with many methyl groups (hypermethylated regions) tend to have fewer genes that are turned on (active).
Normal function
El SMCHD1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that is involved in regulating gene activity by altering the structure of DNA. Specifically, the SMCHD1 protein is associated with DNA methylation, which is the addition of methyl groups (consisting of one carbon atom and three hydrogen atoms) to DNA molecules. The addition of methyl groups is associated with the turning off (silencing) of genes, so regions of DNA with many methyl groups (hypermethylated regions) tend to have fewer genes that are turned on (active).
The SMCHD1 protein is involved in a process called X-inactivation. Early in embryonic development in females, one of the two X chromosomes is randomly and permanently inactivated in cells other than egg cells. X-inactivation ensures that females, like males, have only one active copy of the X chromosome in each body cell. The SMCHD1 protein appears to be involved in the hypermethylation of certain areas of DNA called CpG islands, although the mechanism is unclear. This hypermethylation is critical for inactivation of the X chromosome. The SMCHD1 protein then remains attached (bound) to the inactive X chromosome to help keep it inactivated.
The SMCHD1 protein also plays a role in hypermethylation of a region near the end of chromosome 4 called D4Z4. This region consists of 11 to more than 100 repeated segments, each of which is about 3,300 DNA building blocks (3.3 kb) long. The segment closest to the end of chromosome 4 contains a gene called DUX4. Because the D4Z4 region is hypermethylated, the DUX4 gene is silenced in most adult cells and tissues. Little is known about the function of the protein produced from the DUX4 gene; it appears to help control the activity of other genes.
The SMCHD1 protein appears to play a role in normal development of the nose, eyes, and other structures of the head and face and seems to be involved in repairing damaged DNA. However, little is known about its roles in these processes.
Conditions referring to this gene or chromosome
Otros nombres
KIAA0650
SMC hinge domain-containing protein 1
structural maintenance of chromosomes flexible hinge domain-containing protein 1
Related patient information and medicines
Patient information leaflet
Pruebas genéticas
Pruebas genéticas is a type of medical test that identifies changes in chromosomes, genes or proteins. Genetic tests examine a person's DNA in a variety of ways to assess a person's genetic health. We all have 46 chromosomes in our cells. Chromosomes are made from DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Genes are short sections of DNA and each chromosome.
Patient information leaflet
Leucemia linfoblástica aguda
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a condition where the bone marrow makes large numbers of abnormal immature lymphocytes. What is acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is a condition where the bone marrow makes large numbers of abnormal immature lymphocytes. The immature cells are called lymphoblasts. There are.
Patient information leaflet
Aborto espontáneo recurrente
The loss of a much-wanted pregnancy can be devastating, and even more so if it happens again. This leaflet explains the definition of recurrent miscarriage and explores the tests and treatments that may be needed. The good news is that the eventual outlook is generally good as most couples who have experienced recurrent miscarriage go on to have a.
Patient information leaflet
Síndrome de Cri du Chat
Cri du chat syndrome es un chromosome problem caused by a missing piece de chromosome 5. The syndrome is called cri du chat (French for cry of the cat) because affected babies often have a high-pitched cry. Not all babies with the missing piece of chromosome 5 will develop cri du chat syndrome. Cri du chat syndrome may cause a variety of.
Patient information leaflet
síndrome de Turner
The most characteristic features of the syndrome are being short, having certain physical features (detailed below), and ovaries that do not work properly. Turner syndrome (TS) only occurs in females and is present from the time of conception. It describes a set of features which occur when a female has only one complete X chromosome in each cell..
Patient information leaflet
Aborto espontáneo y sangrado en las primeras etapas del embarazo
What causes miscarriage. It is thought that most early miscarriages are caused by a one-off problem with the chromosomes of the developing baby (fetus) in the womb. Chromosomes are the structures that contain el genetic information inherited from the parents. If a baby (fetus) doesn't have the correct chromosomes, it can't develop properly and so.
Lecturas adicionales y referencias
- structural maintenance of chromosomes flexible hinge domain containing 1; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Blewitt ME, Gendrel AV, Pang Z, Sparrow DB, Whitelaw N, Craig JM, Apedaile A, Hilton DJ, Dunwoodie SL, Brockdorff N, Kay GF, Whitelaw E. SmcHD1, containing a structural-maintenance-of-chromosomes hinge domain, has a critical role in X inactivation. Nat Genet. 2008 May;40(5):663-9. doi: 10.1038/ng.142. Epub 2008 Apr 20.
- Coker H, Brockdorff N. SMCHD1 accumulates at DNA damage sites and facilitates the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. J Cell Sci. 2014 May 1;127(Pt 9):1869-74. doi: 10.1242/jcs.140020.
- Gordon CT, Xue S, Yigit G, Filali H, Chen K, Rosin N, Yoshiura KI, Oufadem M, Beck TJ, McGowan R, Magee AC, Altmuller J, Dion C, Thiele H, Gurzau AD, Nurnberg P, Meschede D, Muhlbauer W, Okamoto N, Varghese V, Irving R, Sigaudy S, Williams D, Ahmed SF, Bonnard C, Kong MK, Ratbi I, Fejjal N, Fikri M, Elalaoui SC, Reigstad H, Bole-Feysot C, Nitschke P, Ragge N, Levy N, Tuncbilek G, Teo AS, Cunningham ML, Sefiani A, Kayserili H, Murphy JM, Chatdokmaiprai C, Hillmer AM, Wattanasirichaigoon D, Lyonnet S, Magdinier F, Javed A, Blewitt ME, Amiel J, Wollnik B, Reversade B. De novo mutations in SMCHD1 cause Bosma arhinia microphthalmia syndrome and abrogate nasal development. Nat Genet. 2017 Feb;49(2):249-255. doi: 10.1038/ng.3765. Epub 2017 Jan 9.
- Jansz N, Chen K, Murphy JM, Blewitt ME. The Epigenetic Regulator SMCHD1 in Development and Disease. Trends Genet. 2017 Apr;33(4):233-243. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2017.01.007. Epub 2017 Feb 20.
- Lemmers RJ, Tawil R, Petek LM, Balog J, Block GJ, Santen GW, Amell AM, van der Vliet PJ, Almomani R, Straasheijm KR, Krom YD, Klooster R, Sun Y, den Dunnen JT, Helmer Q, Donlin-Smith CM, Padberg GW, van Engelen BG, de Greef JC, Aartsma-Rus AM, Frants RR, de Visser M, Desnuelle C, Sacconi S, Filippova GN, Bakker B, Bamshad MJ, Tapscott SJ, Miller DG, van der Maarel SM. Digenic inheritance of an SMCHD1 mutation and an FSHD-permissive D4Z4 allele causes facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy type 2. Nat Genet. 2012 Dec;44(12):1370-4. doi: 10.1038/ng.2454. Epub 2012 Nov 11.
- Nozawa RS, Nagao K, Igami KT, Shibata S, Shirai N, Nozaki N, Sado T, Kimura H, Obuse C. Human inactive X chromosome is compacted through a PRC2-independent SMCHD1-HBiX1 pathway. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2013 May;20(5):566-73. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.2532. Epub 2013 Mar 31.
- Sacconi S, Lemmers RJ, Balog J, van der Vliet PJ, Lahaut P, van Nieuwenhuizen MP, Straasheijm KR, Debipersad RD, Vos-Versteeg M, Salviati L, Casarin A, Pegoraro E, Tawil R, Bakker E, Tapscott SJ, Desnuelle C, van der Maarel SM. The FSHD2 gene SMCHD1 is a modifier of disease severity in families affected by FSHD1. Am J Hum Genet. 2013 Oct 3;93(4):744-51. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.08.004. Epub 2013 Sep 26.
- Shaw ND, Brand H, Kupchinsky ZA, Bengani H, Plummer L, Jones TI, Erdin S, Williamson KA, Rainger J, Stortchevoi A, Samocha K, Currall BB, Dunican DS, Collins RL, Willer JR, Lek A, Lek M, Nassan M, Pereira S, Kammin T, Lucente D, Silva A, Seabra CM, Chiang C, An Y, Ansari M, Rainger JK, Joss S, Smith JC, Lippincott MF, Singh SS, Patel N, Jing JW, Law JR, Ferraro N, Verloes A, Rauch A, Steindl K, Zweier M, Scheer I, Sato D, Okamoto N, Jacobsen C, Tryggestad J, Chernausek S, Schimmenti LA, Brasseur B, Cesaretti C, Garcia-Ortiz JE, Buitrago TP, Silva OP, Hoffman JD, Muhlbauer W, Ruprecht KW, Loeys BL, Shino M, Kaindl AM, Cho CH, Morton CC, Meehan RR, van Heyningen V, Liao EC, Balasubramanian R, Hall JE, Seminara SB, Macarthur D, Moore SA, Yoshiura KI, Gusella JF, Marsh JA, Graham JM Jr, Lin AE, Katsanis N, Jones PL, Crowley WF Jr, Davis EE, FitzPatrick DR, Talkowski ME. SMCHD1 mutations associated with a rare muscular dystrophy can also cause isolated arhinia and Bosma arhinia microphthalmia syndrome. Nat Genet. 2017 Feb;49(2):238-248. doi: 10.1038/ng.3743. Epub 2017 Jan 9.
- Tawil R, van der Maarel SM, Tapscott SJ. Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy: the path to consensus on pathophysiology. Skelet Muscle. 2014 Jun 10;4:12. doi: 10.1186/2044-5040-4-12. eCollection 2014.
Únete a la conversación
Comparte tus pensamientos o experiencias con otros en nuestro comunidades de pacientes.
Pregunta, comparte, conecta.
Navega por discusiones, haz preguntas y comparte experiencias en cientos de temas de salud.
Suscríbete al boletín de Patient
Tu dosis semanal de consejos de salud claros y confiables, escritos para ayudarte a sentirte informado, seguro y en control.
Al suscribirte aceptas nuestros Política de Privacidad. Puedes darte de baja en cualquier momento. Nunca vendemos tus datos.