insulin like growth factor 2
Última actualización 4 de marzo de 2025
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The IGF2 gene provides instructions for making a protein called insulin-like growth factor 2. This protein plays an essential role in growth and development before birth. Studies suggest that insulin-like growth factor 2 promotes the growth and division (proliferation) of cells in many different tissues. Although the IGF2 gene is highly active during fetal development, it is much less active after birth.
Normal function
The IGF2 gene provides instructions for making a protein called insulin-like growth factor 2. This protein plays an essential role in growth and development before birth. Studies suggest that insulin-like growth factor 2 promotes the growth and division (proliferation) of cells in many different tissues. Although the IGF2 gene is highly active during fetal development, it is much less active after birth.
In most cases, people receive one copy of each gene from the egg cell and one copy from the sperm cell. Both copies are usually active, or "turned on," in cells. However, the activity of the IGF2 gene depends on whether the gene comes from the sperm cell or the egg cell. In most cases, only the IGF2 gene from the sperm cell is active. This parent-specific difference in gene activation is called genomic imprinting.
A nearby region of DNA regulates the genomic imprinting of the IGF2 gene and another gene, called H19, that is important for growth and development. This region is known as an imprinting center or imprinting control region. In a process known as methylation, small molecules called methyl groups are added to the imprinting center to regulate the activity of the IGF2 and H19 genes. Typically, only the copy of the IGF2 imprinting center that is derived from the sperm cell is methylated.
Conditions referring to this gene or chromosome
Otros nombres
C11orf43
GRDF
IGF-2
IGF-II
insulin-like growth factor 2
insulin-like growth factor II
pp9974
somatomedin A
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Lecturas adicionales y referencias
- insulin like growth factor 2; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
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- Bergman D, Halje M, Nordin M, Engstrom W. Insulin-like growth factor 2 in development and disease: a mini-review. Gerontology. 2013;59(3):240-9. doi: 10.1159/000343995. Epub 2012 Dec 20.
- Cerrato F, Sparago A, Verde G, De Crescenzo A, Citro V, Cubellis MV, Rinaldi MM, Boccuto L, Neri G, Magnani C, D'Angelo P, Collini P, Perotti D, Sebastio G, Maher ER, Riccio A. Different mechanisms cause imprinting defects at the IGF2/H19 locus in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and Wilms' tumour. Hum Mol Genet. 2008 May 15;17(10):1427-35. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddn031. Epub 2008 Feb 1.
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- Kaneda A, Wang CJ, Cheong R, Timp W, Onyango P, Wen B, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Ohlsson R, Andraos R, Pearson MA, Sharov AA, Longo DL, Ko MS, Levchenko A, Feinberg AP. Enhanced sensitivity to IGF-II signaling links loss of imprinting of IGF2 to increased cell proliferation and tumor risk. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Dec 26;104(52):20926-31. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0710359105. Epub 2007 Dec 17.
- Livingstone C. IGF2 and cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2013 Oct 24;20(6):R321-39. doi: 10.1530/ERC-13-0231. Print 2013 Dec.
- MacFarland SP, Duffy KA, Bhatti TR, Bagatell R, Balamuth NJ, Brodeur GM, Ganguly A, Mattei PA, Surrey LF, Balis FM, Kalish JM. Diagnosis of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome in children presenting with Wilms tumor. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2018 Oct;65(10):e27296. doi: 10.1002/pbc.27296. Epub 2018 Jun 22.
- Pickard A, McCance DJ. IGF-Binding Protein 2 - Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2015 Feb 27;6:25. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00025. eCollection 2015.
- Sparago A, Cerrato F, Vernucci M, Ferrero GB, Silengo MC, Riccio A. Microdeletions in the human H19 DMR result in loss of IGF2 imprinting and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Nat Genet. 2004 Sep;36(9):958-60. doi: 10.1038/ng1410. Epub 2004 Aug 15.
- Tian F, Yourek G, Shi X, Yang Y. The development of Wilms tumor: from WT1 and microRNA to animal models. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Aug;1846(1):180-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.07.003. Epub 2014 Jul 11.
- Turner JT, Brzezinski J, Dome JS. Wilms Tumor Predisposition. 2003 Dec 19 [updated 2022 Mar 24]. In: Adam MP, Bick S, Mirzaa GM, Wallace SE, Amemiya A, editors. GeneReviews(R) [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2026. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1294/
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