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Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome

Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome is a condition characterised by overactivity of the parathyroid glands (hyperparathyroidism). The four parathyroid glands are located in the neck and secrete a hormone that regulates the body's use of calcium. Hyperparathyroidism disrupts the normal balance of calcium in the blood, which can lead to kidney stones, thinning of the bones (osteoporosis), nausea, vomiting, high blood pressure (hypertension), weakness, and fatigue. About 95 percent of people with hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome will develop hyperparathyroidism during their lifetime.

Descripción

Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome is a condition characterised by overactivity of the parathyroid glands (hyperparathyroidism). The four parathyroid glands are located in the neck and secrete a hormone that regulates the body's use of calcium. Hyperparathyroidism disrupts the normal balance of calcium in the blood, which can lead to kidney stones, thinning of the bones (osteoporosis), nausea, vomiting, high blood pressure (hypertension), weakness, and fatigue. About 95 percent of people with hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome will develop hyperparathyroidism during their lifetime.

In people with hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome, hyperparathyroidism is caused by tumours that form in the parathyroid glands. Typically, only one of the four parathyroid glands is affected, but in some people, tumours are found in more than one gland. The tumours are usually a noncancerous (benign) type of tumour called an adenoma. Approximately 15 percent of people with hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome develop a cancerous tumour called parathyroid carcinoma. 

People with hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome may also have a type of benign tumour called a fibroma in the jaw. Even though jaw tumours are specified in the name of this condition, it is estimated that only 11 to 40 percent of affected individuals have this symptom.

Other tumours, both benign and cancerous, are often seen in people with hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome. For example, tumours of the uterus occur in up to 50 percent of people with this condition. Uterine tumours are typically benign, but they can cause heavy menstrual bleeding or other symptoms. The kidneys are affected in about 20 percent of people with hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome. Benign kidney cysts are the most common kidney feature, but a rare cancerous tumour called Wilms tumour and other types of kidney tumour have also been found.

Regular medical screening may assist in the early detection of the features of hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome.

Patrones de herencia

The source lists the following possible inheritance patterns: Autosomal dominant. More than one pattern can apply in different cases.

Otros nombres

CDC73-related disorders

Familial cystic parathyroid adenomatosis

Familial primary hyperparathyroidism with multiple ossifying jaw fibromas

Hereditary hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome

HPT-JT

Hyperparathyroidism 2

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Historial del artículo

La información en esta página está escrita y revisada por pares por clínicos calificados.
  • 3 Oct 2024 | Última versión
  • 1 Oct 2024 | Publicado originalmente

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