Narcolepsia
Última actualización 8 Nov 2023
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Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder that disrupts the normal sleep-wake cycle. Although this condition can appear at any age, it most often begins in adolescence.
Descripción
Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder that disrupts the normal sleep-wake cycle. Although this condition can appear at any age, it most often begins in adolescence.
Narcolepsy is characterised by excessive daytime sleepiness. Affected individuals feel tired during the day, and several times a day they may experience an overwhelming urge to sleep. "Sleep attacks" can occur at unusual times, such as during a meal or in the middle of a conversation. They last from a few seconds to a few minutes and often lead to a longer nap, after which affected individuals wake up feeling refreshed.
Another common feature of narcolepsy is cataplexy, which is a sudden loss of muscle tone in response to strong emotion (such as laughing, surprise, or anger). These episodes of muscle weakness can cause an affected person to slump over or fall, which occasionally leads to injury. Episodes of cataplexy usually last just a few seconds, and they may occur from several times a day to a few times a year. Most people diagnosed with narcolepsy also have cataplexy. However, some do not, which has led researchers to distinguish two major forms of the condition: narcolepsy with cataplexy and narcolepsy without cataplexy.
Narcolepsy also affects nighttime sleep. Most affected individuals have trouble sleeping for more than a few hours at night. They often experience vivid hallucinations while falling asleep (hypnogogic hallucinations) or while waking up (hypnopompic hallucinations). Affected individuals often have realistic and distressing dreams, and they may act out their dreams by moving excessively or talking in their sleep. Many people with narcolepsy also experience sleep paralysis, which is an inability to move or speak for a short period while falling asleep or awakening. The combination of hallucinations, vivid dreams, and sleep paralysis is often frightening and unpleasant for affected individuals.
Some people with narcolepsy have all of the major features of the disorder, while others have only one or two. Most of the signs and symptoms persist throughout life, although episodes of cataplexy may become less frequent with age and treatment.
Patrones de herencia
The source lists the following possible inheritance patterns: Pattern unknown. More than one pattern can apply in different cases.
Related genes
Otros nombres
Gelineau syndrome
Narcoleptic syndrome
Related patient information and medicines
Patient information leaflet
Narcolepsia y cataplejía
Narcolepsy is a long-term (chronic) problem that affects your sleep. You feel excessively tired during the daytime but have disturbed night-time sleep. You can also have sleep attacks where you fall asleep during the day without any warning. Many people with narcolepsy also have cataplexy. This is a condition in which you have sudden loss of.
Patient information leaflet
Escala de somnolencia de Epworth
Feeling excessively sleepy during the day can be caused by a range of issues, including: Poor sleep quality or insufficient sleep Sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnoea, restless legs syndrome , or insomnia Narcolepsy , a neurological disorder that disrupts sleep–wake cycles Shift work , jet lag, or irregular sleep patterns Mental health.
Patient information leaflet
Parálisis del sueño
If you have sleep paralysis you are awake but you are unable to move your body (paralysis) and unable to speak when you wake up from sleep. What is sleep paralysis. Sleep paralysis happens when someone is awake and conscious, but the part of the brain that controls their muscles is in 'sleep mode'. Having experienced a tra... Genetics; some.
Patient information leaflet
Colangitis biliar primaria
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a condition that slowly damages the bile ducts in your liver, leading to liver damage and, sometimes, liver scarring (cirrhosis). What is primary biliary cholangitis. No medicines seem clearly to ease tiredness (fatigue) which is often a main symptom. A medicine called modafinil (usually used in narcolepsy) is.
Medicine leaflet
Dexamfetamina para narcolepsia y TDAH
About dexamfetamine Type of medicine A stimulant Used for Narcolepsia in adults, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children aged 6-18 years Also known as (UK) Amfexa® Also known as (USA) Dextroamphetamine; Dexedrine®, Adderall® Available as Tablets, oral solution; modified-release capsules (in US) Narcolepsy is a long-term.
Medicine leaflet
Tabletas de Modafinilo
About modafinil Type of medicine A central nervous system stimulant Used for Daytime sleepiness associated with narcolepsia in adults Also called Provigil® Available as Tablets Narcolepsia es un long-term problem that affects your sleep. You feel excessively tired during the daytime but ... Although there is no cure for narcolepsy, modafinil can help.
Lecturas adicionales y referencias
- Narcolepsia; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Cvetkovic-Lopes V, Bayer L, Dorsaz S, Maret S, Pradervand S, Dauvilliers Y, Lecendreux M, Lammers GJ, Donjacour CE, Du Pasquier RA, Pfister C, Petit B, Hor H, Muhlethaler M, Tafti M. Elevated Tribbles homolog 2-specific antibody levels in narcolepsy patients. J Clin Invest. 2010 Mar;120(3):713-9. doi: 10.1172/JCI41366. Epub 2010 Feb 15.
- Dauvilliers Y, Arnulf I, Mignot E. Narcolepsy with cataplexy. Lancet. 2007 Feb 10;369(9560):499-511. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60237-2.
- Dauvilliers Y, Montplaisir J, Cochen V, Desautels A, Einen M, Lin L, Kawashima M, Bayard S, Monaca C, Tiberge M, Filipini D, Tripathy A, Nguyen BH, Kotagal S, Mignot E. Post-H1N1 narcolepsy-cataplexy. Sleep. 2010 Nov;33(11):1428-30. doi: 10.1093/sleep/33.11.1428. No abstract available.
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- Hohjoh H, Terada N, Kawashima M, Honda Y, Tokunaga K. Significant association of the tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) gene with human narcolepsy. Tissue Antigens. 2000 Nov;56(5):446-8. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2000.560508.x.
- Hor H, Kutalik Z, Dauvilliers Y, Valsesia A, Lammers GJ, Donjacour CE, Iranzo A, Santamaria J, Peraita Adrados R, Vicario JL, Overeem S, Arnulf I, Theodorou I, Jennum P, Knudsen S, Bassetti C, Mathis J, Lecendreux M, Mayer G, Geisler P, Beneto A, Petit B, Pfister C, Burki JV, Didelot G, Billiard M, Ercilla G, Verduijn W, Claas FH, Vollenweider P, Waeber G, Waterworth DM, Mooser V, Heinzer R, Beckmann JS, Bergmann S, Tafti M. Genome-wide association study identifies new HLA class II haplotypes strongly protective against narcolepsy. Nat Genet. 2010 Sep;42(9):786-9. doi: 10.1038/ng.647. Epub 2010 Aug 15.
- Kornum BR, Kawashima M, Faraco J, Lin L, Rico TJ, Hesselson S, Axtell RC, Kuipers H, Weiner K, Hamacher A, Kassack MU, Han F, Knudsen S, Li J, Dong X, Winkelmann J, Plazzi G, Nevsimalova S, Hong SC, Honda Y, Honda M, Hogl B, Ton TG, Montplaisir J, Bourgin P, Kemlink D, Huang YS, Warby S, Einen M, Eshragh JL, Miyagawa T, Desautels A, Ruppert E, Hesla PE, Poli F, Pizza F, Frauscher B, Jeong JH, Lee SP, Strohl KP, Longstreth WT Jr, Kvale M, Dobrovolna M, Ohayon MM, Nepom GT, Wichmann HE, Rouleau GA, Gieger C, Levinson DF, Gejman PV, Meitinger T, Peppard P, Young T, Jennum P, Steinman L, Tokunaga K, Kwok PY, Risch N, Hallmayer J, Mignot E. Common variants in P2RY11 are associated with narcolepsy. Nat Genet. 2011 Jan;43(1):66-71. doi: 10.1038/ng.734. Epub 2010 Dec 19.
- Mieda M. The roles of orexins in sleep/wake regulation. Neurosci Res. 2017 May;118:56-65. doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.03.015. Epub 2017 May 16.
- Mignot E, Lin L, Rogers W, Honda Y, Qiu X, Lin X, Okun M, Hohjoh H, Miki T, Hsu S, Leffell M, Grumet F, Fernandez-Vina M, Honda M, Risch N. Complex HLA-DR and -DQ interactions confer risk of narcolepsy-cataplexy in three ethnic groups. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Mar;68(3):686-99. doi: 10.1086/318799. Epub 2001 Feb 13.
- Miyagawa T, Kawashima M, Nishida N, Ohashi J, Kimura R, Fujimoto A, Shimada M, Morishita S, Shigeta T, Lin L, Hong SC, Faraco J, Shin YK, Jeong JH, Okazaki Y, Tsuji S, Honda M, Honda Y, Mignot E, Tokunaga K. Variant between CPT1B and CHKB associated with susceptibility to narcolepsy. Nat Genet. 2008 Nov;40(11):1324-8. doi: 10.1038/ng.231. Epub 2008 Sep 28.
- Peyron C, Faraco J, Rogers W, Ripley B, Overeem S, Charnay Y, Nevsimalova S, Aldrich M, Reynolds D, Albin R, Li R, Hungs M, Pedrazzoli M, Padigaru M, Kucherlapati M, Fan J, Maki R, Lammers GJ, Bouras C, Kucherlapati R, Nishino S, Mignot E. A mutation in a case of early onset narcolepsy and a generalized absence of hypocretin peptides in human narcoleptic brains. Nat Med. 2000 Sep;6(9):991-7. doi: 10.1038/79690.
- Scammell TE. Narcolepsy. N Engl J Med. 2015 Dec 31;373(27):2654-62. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1500587. No abstract available.
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