Why do we need calcium?

At every age, we need to be consuming enough calcio from our food. This important nutrient is needed for bone strength, nerve function, muscle function, and allows blood to clot which prevents excessive bleeding.

There are also some groups of people for whom calcium is particularly important:

• Babies and children - need calcium to develop strong, healthy bones and teeth.

• Pregnant and breastfeeding women - need more calcium to help their babies develop.

• Postmenopausal women - the drop in oestrogen production after menopause makes women's bodies less able to retain calcium.

• Elderly people of both sexes - need plenty of calcium to prevent age-related bone loss (osteoporosis).

Getting enough calcium in your diet is important to stay healthy. Jo Travers, a nutritionist and registered dietitian, believes it's easy enough to get the calcium we need.

Calcium is a macro mineral, meaning we need quite a lot of it compared to some of the other minerals. But most people can get enough calcium from their diet," she explains.

Vitamin D supplements

We also need good levels of vitamin D to absorb calcium. "If you haven't got enough vitamin D, it doesn't matter how much calcium you have in your diet, you won't absorb it," Travers explains.

In the UK, it's recommended that everyone - whatever ethnicity - considers taking vitamin D supplements from October to April. This is because we get most of our vitamin D through sunlight, and the lack of sun in the winter months simply isn't able to provide our bodies with enough.

Calcium supplements

Some people may be restricted in the calcium-rich foods they eat, and for these people Travers also recommends calcium supplements.

For example, if you have SII you may avoid lentils and beans, or if you are intolerante a la lactosa you need to avoid dairy sources of calcium, including milk and yoghurt.

Calcium-rich foods for pescatarians

If you're a pescatarian who eats fish, this is a great source of calcium, For example¹:

• Half a tin of bone-in sardines contains up to 407mg.

• 50g of whitebait contains around 430mg.

• 6 pieces of scampi contains around 90mg.

Calcium-rich dairy foods

For vegetarians who eat dairy products, calcium is also generally easy to come by¹:

• A glass of cow's milk (250ml) contains an around 300mg. You can find 120mg of calcium in a flat white.

• A 30g serving of cheddar - roughly a matchbox's-worth - contains 222mg.

• A 120g pot of full-fat yoghurt contains 193mg.

Plant-based calcium-rich foods

If you follow a plant-based diet that excludes dairy, this doesn't have to mean your calcium intake is low. Travers says that cruciferous vegetables, beans, lentil and chickpeas are rich sources of calcium.

"These are probably the best sources of calcium, and the reason they are so good for vegans and vegetarians is because often - or hopefully, at least - they will already be eating these foods, because they're a great source of fuentes de proteína and a really good source of hierro," dice ella.

"I also recommend vegetarians to add beans, lentils and chickpeas in their diet in place of meat - as the main protein source in meals. But unlike meat, they have the added benefit of calcium."

For example^2,3:

• 200g of cooked chickpeas contains around 100mg.

• 200g of cooked lentils contains around 40mg.

• 200g of cooked white beans contains around 132mg.

• One cup of cooked collard greens contains around 266mg.

• One cup of cooked broccoli contains around 60mg.

• One cup of cooked kale contains around 179mg.

Fortified plant-based foods

Fortified foods have nutrients added to them so they are more beneficial - and they can be an easy way to sneak calcium in, too. For example, while foods fortified with calcium tend to vary between brands, these are the average amounts of calcium they provide, according to the BDA¹:

• One serving of fortified cereal (30g) contains up to 174mg.

• Two slices of fortified white bread contains 155mg - or 106mg for brown bread.

• A 100g uncooked serving of tofu made with calcium chloride or calcium sulphate contains 350-400mg.

• A serving of plant-based fortified milk - such as oat, nut or soya - in your tea or coffee (100ml) contains 120-189mg.

Travers says: "Fortified plant based milks are probably where most vegans get their calcium from, especially those who don't eat beans, lentils or chickpeas. They are generally fortified with the same amount of calcium you get from dairy milk."

1. BDA: Calcium.

2. Osteoporosis Foundation: Calcium content of common foods.

3. Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation: A guide to calcium-rich foods.